Angels

The Calaveras Skull

In February 1866 miners at Angels Camp in Calaveras County brought up a human skull from forty metres down, beneath a bed of lava. Josiah Whitney, State Geologist of California and a Harvard professor, announced it as proof that people had lived in North America in the Pliocene. Locals were telling reporters almost at once that the skull had been taken from an Indian burial in a nearby cave and put down the shaft as a joke on the professor; Bret Harte wrote a poem about it. Radiocarbon dating in 1992 gave an age of about a thousand years — an ordinary late Native burial, with no relation at all to the lava above it.