The Kyshtym dwarf, Alyoshenka

In May 1996 Tamara Prosvirina, a resident of the village of Kaolinovy near Kyshtym in the Urals, brought home a creature about twenty-five centimetres long with an elongated skull and large eyes. She called it Alyoshenka, fed it, and told neighbours a son had come to live with her. She was taken to a psychiatric hospital; the body was filmed and photographed in the meantime, and that autumn it vanished without trace. What makes the case unusual is the sheer volume of material: video, photographs, dozens of interviews. Later genetic work points to human remains — most likely a premature infant with severe developmental defects.

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Nahuel Huapi and Nahuelito

A deep glacial lake in Argentine Patagonia where a creature was described long before Loch Ness: the Mapuche were telling the Spanish about it in the eighteenth century. In 1922 the Buenos Aires zoo announced an expedition to find a plesiosaur and the story went round the world. Nahuelito is described as a humped back some fifteen metres long; there are many photographs and not one convincing.