Carp and the Guardian Letters
Between 1989 and 1991 Canadian journalists and researchers received anonymous letters signed "Guardian", claiming that an alien craft had crashed near the village of Carp outside Ottawa and that the government was running a secret programme. Maps and documents came with them, and later a videotape of a glowing object filmed at night. The researcher Bob Oechsler and others checked everything checkable: the documents proved to be assembled from genuine letterheads, and the video showed a lit object in a field. In the 1990s the authorship was attributed to a local man; there was never a full confession. The story survives as a model of how a well-assembled hoax lives for years.
Coyame and the Crash That May Not Have Happened
On 25 August 1974 US radar over the Chihuahua desert picked up an unidentified return heading north and, almost at the same time, a light aircraft. The returns merged and vanished. In the version set out in a document that reached an American researcher in 1978, a Mexican military party found the wreckage of a disc in the desert, and then contact with the party was lost. The document is a typed report with no signature and no classification, of unknown provenance. No agency in either country has ever confirmed it. The case survives in the literature as an example of a story grown entirely out of one piece of paper, and is useful for exactly that: there is nothing in it to check.
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