Green level — mystical places on the map
Real places with nothing on their record — nothing that is reported to have happened to anybody. A history, a rumour, an atmosphere, a building with a past: the story is about the place itself rather than about what it does to whoever walks in. Most of the catalogue sits here, and that is the honest answer rather than a dull one.
101 placesAbout the danger levels
The Vishap Stones of the Gegham Mountains
On the high pastures of Armenia stand the vishaps — stone stelae up to five metres tall, carved as fish or wrapped in the hide of a bull. They are some four thousand years old and were set at springs and water channels. In Armenian mythology the vishap is a dragon that lives in the mountains and holds back the water, until the hero Vahagn defeats it. The stelae predate the written tradition, so who raised them and why is known only from the stone.
Wadi Rum
A sandstone desert in southern Jordan that the Bedouin call the Valley of the Moon. Its rocks carry twenty-five thousand petroglyphs and twenty thousand inscriptions, the oldest twelve thousand years old. Bedouin tradition fills the gorges with jinn, and the place obliges: the temperature difference between sun and shade reaches twenty degrees, and in the narrow canyons your own footsteps come back with a delay.
Mount Nemrut
A summit in south-eastern Turkey where Antiochus I of Commagene built himself a tomb in the first century BC and set up nine-metre statues of the gods and of himself. Earthquakes knocked the heads from the bodies, and they now lie separately on the terraces, facing different ways. The tomb itself has never been found: the tumulus of loose gravel cannot be excavated without collapsing.
Lake Toba
The largest volcanic lake in the world, in the caldera of a supervolcano whose eruption some seventy-four thousand years ago is counted among the greatest catastrophes in the planet's history — by a contested hypothesis, it nearly finished humanity. The Batak people fill the lake with spirits and keep a tradition of a man who married a fish turned woman; breaking the promise he made her brought the flood that made the lake.
Gwangju and the Gonjiam Psychiatric Hospital
A city south-east of Seoul where the abandoned Gonjiam Psychiatric Hospital stands, closed in 1996. The official reason was sewage problems and a lapsed licence; urban legend insists on mass deaths among patients and a director who fled the country. CNN listed the building among the world's creepiest places. A film about it in 2018 led the owner to seal off access for good.
The Waitomo Caves
Limestone caves on New Zealand's North Island whose ceilings glow with the larvae of Arachnocampa luminosa, a species found nowhere else. Thousands of blue points above an underground river look like a night sky; they are in fact lures for prey the larvae catch on sticky threads. Māori knew the caves long before Europeans, and the chief Tāne Tinorau led the first survey into them in 1887.
Lake Fundudzi
The sacred lake of the Venda people in northern South Africa, one of the country's few natural freshwater lakes, formed by an ancient landslide. Nobody approaches the water without the chief's permission, and the lake is properly viewed with one's back to it, through the legs. Tradition places a guardian white crocodile in it, and a drowned village on the bottom whose people refused hospitality to a leper.
Mount Kenya
Africa's second-highest mountain, held by the Kikuyu to be the dwelling of Ngai: houses were traditionally built with the door facing the summit, and prayers directed there. Climbing the main peak, Batian, was long considered something a person did not undertake. The glaciers the first Europeans described have lost more than ninety per cent of their extent in a century.
Lake Baikal
The deepest lake on earth, holding a fifth of the world's unfrozen fresh water. Buryat tradition fills it with spirits, and Cape Burkhan on Olkhon is one of the nine shrines of Asia, which not every shaman may approach. A separate body of stories concerns the Baikal mirages, in which non-existent shores and ships are seen above the water; the effect is physically real and comes from temperature layers in the air.
Ergaki
A mountain knot in the Western Sayan with the Hanging Stone — a many-ton block balanced on a rock face so finely that, by the accounts, it could be rocked by hand. Local tradition says that when it falls, disaster follows; in the 2000s it shifted and stopped moving, which caused visitors noticeable unease. Separately there is the Sleeping Sayan, a ridge whose profile reads as a reclining human figure.
The Kungur Ice Cave
A gypsum cave in Perm Krai some six kilometres long, with seventy underground lakes and permanent ice in the entrance chambers. The first survey was drawn in 1703. Tradition holds that Yermak's band wintered here before crossing the Urals, and one grotto is called the Ladies' Tears — legend has a daughter of Christian X of Denmark slipping and dying here on a visit.
Vottovaara
A hill in Karelia whose summit carries some fifteen hundred seids — boulders set up on smaller stones as though on legs. Their origin is unsettled: some read them as Sámi cult objects, others as the work of a retreating glacier. The trees on top are twisted and broken, attributed to an earthquake some nine thousand years ago. It is considered one of the principal places of power in the Russian north.
Poenari Castle
Vlad the Impaler's actual fortress — as opposed to Bran Castle, which had almost nothing to do with him. Vlad rebuilt it with the hands of the boyars he blamed for his brother's murder: they were marched here after an Easter feast and worked until their clothes fell apart. Tradition has Vlad's wife throwing herself from it into the Argeș on hearing the Turks were coming. Fourteen hundred and eighty steps lead up to it.
Teufelsberg
A hill in Berlin heaped from the rubble of the bombed city over an unfinished Nazi military-technical faculty that would not yield to explosives. The Americans built a listening station on top, white radomes that monitored the Eastern Bloc until 1992. The station is abandoned now, the domes tearing in the wind, and the acoustics inside carry a whisper the length of the hall.
The Brocken
The highest point of the Harz, where German tradition has witches gathering on Walpurgis Night — Goethe sent Faust there. The mountain gave its name to an optical effect: the Brocken spectre, the observer's own vast shadow cast on cloud below with a rainbow halo round the head. The effect is real and explicable, and probably lies behind a share of the stories of encounters at the summit.
Mount Ararat
A mountain in eastern Turkey that biblical tradition names as the resting place of the ark. Searches have run since the nineteenth century and have not stopped: in 1949 aerial photography recorded a dark structure on the glacier, known as the Ararat Anomaly, whose images were only declassified in 1995. Geologists explain it as an outcrop. The mountain is closed to unrestricted climbing, which has not deterred anyone.
The Kaali Crater
A meteorite crater on the Estonian island of Saaremaa, formed around 1500 BC — within the memory of people living nearby. The blast burned the forest for six kilometres, and the event probably entered Finnish and Norse mythology as the sun falling. The lake in the crater served as a sacrificial site for centuries: animal bones are found on the bed and around the shore, and a stone wall once enclosed it.
Whitby Abbey
The ruins of a Benedictine abbey on a cliff above the North Sea, where Bram Stoker spent a holiday in 1890 and found the name of the Wallachian prince Dracula in the local library. In the novel it is here that the Demeter runs aground and the count, in the shape of a black dog, bounds up the hundred and ninety-nine steps to the church. The steps are real, the abbey is real, and one of Europe's largest goth festivals gathers in Whitby every year.
Pendle Hill
A Lancashire hill beneath which the most famous English witch trial took place in 1612: twelve accused, ten hanged, charges of ten murders by witchcraft. Much of the evidence came from a nine-year-old girl testifying against her own family. Thousands climb to the summit every Hallowe'en, and Lancashire police ask them not to every year.
Wistman's Wood
A tiny grove of dwarf oaks on Dartmoor, growing straight out of granite boulders and covered entirely in moss and lichen. The trees are wind-twisted past recognition and there are gaps between the stones deep enough to swallow a person. The name is traced to the dialect word wisht — eerie, enchanted. It is thought to be one of the last remnants of the forest that covered Dartmoor before the Bronze Age.
Chan Chan
The largest adobe city in the world: twenty square kilometres of mudbrick walls, capital of the Chimú kingdom until the Inca took it around 1470. The walls carry reliefs of sea creatures and waves. In 2018 a burial was found here containing the remains of more than a hundred and forty children and two hundred llamas — the largest known child sacrifice in history, made, judging by the silt layers, during a flood.
Ciudad Perdida
A Tairona city in the Colombian Sierra Nevada, founded around 800 AD — six and a half centuries before Machu Picchu. Abandoned during the Spanish conquest and found again only in 1972, by grave robbers who came upon twelve hundred steps climbing through the jungle. The Kogi peoples living nearby consider themselves its keepers and say they never lost it.
Lake Titicaca
The highest navigable lake in the world, on the Peru–Bolivia border, from which Inca tradition has Manco Cápac emerging to found their empire. In 2000 an underwater expedition found a stone terrace and a wall some eight hundred metres long on the bed near the Island of the Sun — pre-Inca Tiwanaku construction, now submerged. Offerings are still recovered from the bottom: gold figurines, incense, llama bones.
Machu Picchu
An Inca city on the saddle between two peaks at eight thousand feet, built around 1450 and abandoned perhaps a century later — probably to smallpox, which arrived ahead of the Spaniards themselves. The conquistadors never reached it and never learned it was there. The stones are fitted without mortar so closely that a knife blade will not go between them, and the Intihuatana, a carved pillar, casts almost no shadow at the solstices.